Removal of odors depends on what is producing them and under what conditions they are treated. Odors are most commonly caused by spills. Spilled material can produce an odor, or the odor can develop from bacteria which is producing decay on the spillage. Complete removal can usually be expected if the spilled material has not penetrated deeply into the fiber, and thorough washing methods can be used. The deeper the material penetrates into the fiber and the longer it remains, the more difficult it will be to remove completely. Only a small proportion of the odor may be eliminated when limited amounts of cleaning solution must be used. It is most difficult to satisfactorily remove odor producing stains from the backing of wall-to-wall carpeting and upholstered furniture.

It is virtually impossible to completely eliminate odors produced from materials such as animal waste. Often the most practical solution is to replace the affected part of the carpet and underpad or cushion with a new piece. The plywood subfloor may also need to be cleaned or deodorized and then sealed in severe cases. Some odors, such as those produced by mildew, although removed, will recur with new mildew growth.

Natural fibers, dyes, finishing agents, foam or latex backing compounds may also have odors. A good airing should dispel an odor if present in a new textile. However, it may take days to a few weeks for the new odor to disappear. The most satisfactory solution on an older fabric is to attempt to replace the disagreeable odor with a more pleasant one. Professional cleaners and restorers use highly effective deodorizers, special deodorizing equipment and freshening fragrances to reduce or to eliminate unpleasant odors from many sources. These include spillage, animal pet stains, and mold, mildew, or musty conditions.

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